Appendix III
Communicative and non-communicative items arranged according to their means in descending order in students' questionnaire
No. | Items | Mean | SD | Communicative |
32 | speaking activities | 4.13 |
0.98 |
Com |
17 | talking to classmates in English | 3.76 |
1.16 |
Com |
1 | taking part in discussions | 3.75 |
1.05 |
Com |
14 | listening to others in English | 3.69 |
1.08 |
Com |
6 | taking part in language games | 3.66 |
1.06 |
Com |
15 | listening to classmates giving oral presentation | 3.60 |
1.01 |
Com |
39 | listening to inst. in English | 3.50 |
1.25 |
Com |
10 | working in pairs | 3.41 |
1.04 |
Com |
29 | taking part in role-plays | 3.38 |
1.26 |
Com |
9 | working in small groups | 3.36 |
1.10 |
Com |
11 | writing short passages in small groups | 3.34 |
1.14 |
Com |
5 | group oral presentations | 3.28 |
1.15 |
Com |
4 | giving individual oral presentation | 2.81 |
1.24 |
Com |
No. | Items | Mean | SD | Non-communicative |
37 | learning vocabulary | 4.23 |
0.90 |
Noncom |
35 | speed reading | 4.09 |
0.96 |
Noncom |
26 | informal, un assessed tests | 3.92 |
1.02 |
Noncom |
36 | doing translation | 3.84 |
1.10 |
Noncom |
33 | reading comprehension activities | 3.83 |
0.97 |
Noncom |
28 | being tested on my learning | 3.67 |
1.04 |
Noncom |
21 | listening to instructor | 3.60 |
1.10 |
Noncom |
25 | checking on my own writing | 3.51 |
1.01 |
Noncom |
16 | planning exam answers | 3.50 |
1.17 |
Noncom |
22 | doing written exercises | 3.45 |
1.03 |
Noncom |
31 | reading aloud in class | 3.42 |
1.19 |
Noncom |
34 | etymology (suffix, root, ...) | 3.40 |
1.21 |
Noncom |
27 | listening to grammar instructions | 3.38 |
1.11 |
Noncom |
13 | practicing writing exam answers within a time limit | 3.29 |
1.18 |
Noncom |
2 | instructor-directed library research | 3.26 |
1.24 |
Noncom |
12 | writing short passages individually in class | 3.00 |
1.16 |
Noncom |
24 | checking other students' writing | 2.96 |
1.11 |
Noncom |
8 | studying grammatical rules | 2.89 |
1.18 |
Noncom |
7 | reading texts for language analysis, e.g., tenses | 2.76 |
1.21 |
Noncom |
SD = Standard Deviation; com = communicative; noncom = non-communicative
Text-based and Speech-based Items arranged according to their means in descending order in students' questionnaire
No. | Items | Mean | SD | Text-based |
35 | speed reading | 4.09 |
0.96 |
TX |
26 | informal, un assessed tests | 3.92 |
1.02 |
TX |
36 | doing translation | 3.84 |
1.10 |
TX |
33 | reading comprehension activities | 3.83 |
0.97 |
TX |
25 | checking on my own writing | 3.51 |
1.01 |
TX |
16 | planning exam answers | 3.50 |
1.17 |
TX |
22 | doing written exercises | 3.45 |
1.03 |
TX |
31 | reading aloud in class | 3.42 |
1.19 |
TX |
34 | etymology (suffix, root, ...) | 3.40 |
1.21 |
TX |
19 | writing assignment | 3.39 |
1.26 |
TX |
11 | writing short passages in small groups | 3.34 |
1.14 |
TX |
13 | practicing writing exam answers within a time limit | 3.29 |
1.18 |
TX |
2 | instructor-directed library research | 3.26 |
1.24 |
TX |
20 | doing project work | 3.03 |
1.18 |
TX |
12 | writing short passages individually in class | 3.00 |
1.16 |
TX |
24 | checking other students' writing | 2.96 |
1.11 |
TX |
8 | studying grammatical rules | 2.89 |
1.18 |
TX |
7 | reading texts for language analysis, e.g., tenses | 2.76 |
1.21 |
TX |
No. | Items | Mean | SD | Speech-based |
32 | speaking activities | 4.13 |
0.98 |
SP |
3 | watching training videos | 4.01 |
1.04 |
SP |
23 | listening activities | 3.93 |
1.03 |
SP |
30 | listening to audio recordings | 3.89 |
1.09 |
SP |
18 | using language laboratory | 3.88 |
1.14 |
SP |
17 | talking to classmates in English | 3.76 |
1.16 |
SP |
1 | taking part in discussions | 3.75 |
1.05 |
SP |
14 | listening to others in English | 3.69 |
1.08 |
SP |
15 | listening to classmates giving oral presentation | 3.60 |
1.01 |
SP |
21 | listening to instructor | 3.60 |
1.10 |
SP |
39 | listening to instructor in English | 3.50 |
1.25 |
SP |
27 | listening to grammar instructions | 3.38 |
1.11 |
SP |
29 | taking part in role-plays | 3.38 |
1.26 |
SP |
5 | group oral presentations | 3.28 |
1.15 |
SP |
4 | giving individual oral presentation | 2.81 |
1.24 |
SP |
SD = Standard Deviation; SP = speech-based; TX = text-based
Communicative and Non-communicative Items arranged according to their means in descending order in instructors' questionnaire
No. | Items | Mean | SD | Communicative |
32 | speaking activities | 3.85 |
0.77 |
Com |
1 | taking part in discussions | 3.81 |
0.83 |
Com |
6 | language games | 3.67 |
1.18 |
Com |
10 | working in pairs | 3.59 |
0.97 |
Com |
9 | working in small groups | 3.52 |
0.94 |
Com |
14 | listening to others using Eng. in class | 3.41 |
0.84 |
Com |
15 | listening to classmates giving oral presentations | 3.33 |
0.88 |
Com |
29 | taking part in role-play | 3.26 |
1.06 |
Com |
39 | listening to my instructor speaking English all the time | 3.11 |
1.34 |
Com |
17 | talking to classmates in Eng. | 3.04 |
1.16 |
Com |
5 | giving group oral presentations | 2.89 |
1.09 |
Com |
4 | giving individual oral presentations | 2.89 |
1.09 |
Com |
11 | writing short passages in small groups | 2.63 |
1.01 |
Com |
No. | Items | Mean | SD | Non-communicative |
37 | learning vocabulary | 3.96 |
0.81 |
Noncom |
33 | reading comprehension | 3.93 |
0.73 |
Noncom |
16 | planning exam answers | 3.78 |
1.09 |
Noncom |
36 | translation | 3.67 |
0.92 |
Noncom |
28 | being tested on my learning | 3.59 |
1.01 |
Noncom |
26 | doing informal, un assessed tests | 3.59 |
1.15 |
Noncom |
22 | doing written exercises | 3.56 |
0.89 |
Noncom |
34 | etymology (prefix, root, ...) | 3.56 |
0.97 |
Noncom |
25 | checking my own writing | 3.48 |
0.89 |
Noncom |
21 | listening to instructor giving explanations about skills | 3.48 |
1.05 |
Noncom |
13 | practicing writing exam answers | 3.33 |
1.00 |
Noncom |
35 | speed reading | 3.26 |
1.02 |
Noncom |
27 | listening to the instructor giving explanations about language, e.g., active voice | 3.26 |
1.10 |
Noncom |
24 | checking other students' writing | 3.15 |
0.99 |
Noncom |
31 | reading aloud in class | 3.07 |
1.00 |
Noncom |
8 | studying grammatical rules | 3.00 |
1.14 |
Noncom |
7 | reading texts for language analysis | 2.74 |
1.06 |
Noncom |
2 | instructor-directed library research | 2.63 |
1.08 |
Noncom |
12 | writing short passages individually | 2.44 |
0.93 |
Noncom |
SD = Standard Deviation; com = communicative; noncom = non-communicative
Text-based and Speech-based Items arranged according to their means in descending order in instructors' questionnaire
No. | Items | Mean | SD | Text-based |
33 | reading comprehension | 3.93 |
0.73 |
TX |
16 | planning exam answers | 3.78 |
1.09 |
TX |
36 | translation | 3.67 |
0.92 |
TX |
26 | doing informal, un assessed tests | 3.59 |
1.15 |
TX |
22 | doing written exercises | 3.56 |
0.89 |
TX |
34 | etymology (prefix, root, ...) | 3.56 |
0.97 |
TX |
25 | checking my own writing | 3.48 |
0.89 |
TX |
13 | practicing writing exam answers | 3.33 |
1.00 |
TX |
35 | speed reading | 3.26 |
1.02 |
TX |
24 | checking other students' writing | 3.15 |
0.99 |
TX |
31 | reading aloud in class | 3.07 |
1.00 |
TX |
20 | doing project work | 3.00 |
1.07 |
TX |
8 | studying grammatical rules | 3.00 |
1.14 |
TX |
19 | writing assignments outside class | 2.81 |
0.92 |
TX |
7 | reading texts for language analysis | 2.74 |
1.06 |
TX |
11 | writing short passages in small groups | 2.63 |
1.01 |
TX |
2 | instructor-directed library research | 2.63 |
1.08 |
TX |
12 | writing short passages individually | 2.44 |
0.93 |
TX |
No. | Items | Mean | SD | Speech-based |
3 | watching training videos | 4.11 |
0.70 |
SP |
18 | using language laboratory | 4.04 |
0.90 |
SP |
32 | speaking activities | 3.85 |
0.77 |
SP |
1 | taking part in discussions | 3.81 |
0.83 |
SP |
23 | listening activities | 3.74 |
0.90 |
SP |
30 | listening to audio recordings | 3.63 |
1.04 |
SP |
21 | listening to instructor giving explanations about skills | 3.48 |
1.05 |
SP |
14 | listening to others using Eng. in class | 3.41 |
0.84 |
SP |
15 | listening to classmates giving oral presentations | 3.33 |
0.88 |
SP |
29 | taking part in role-play | 3.26 |
1.06 |
SP |
27 | listening to the instructor giving explanations about language, e.g., active voice | 3.26 |
1.10 |
SP |
39 | listening to my instructor speaking English all the time | 3.11 |
1.34 |
SP |
17 | talking to classmates in Eng. | 3.04 |
1.16 |
SP |
5 | giving group oral presentations | 2.89 |
1.09 |
SP |
4 | giving individual oral presentations | 2.89 |
1.09 |
SP |